• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Process for the production of biomethane by cryogenic separation from a biogas stream (1) comprising methane and carbon dioxide using a stream of nitrogen (2).
    公开号:FR3050655A1
    申请号:FR1653727
    申请日:2016-04-27
    公开日:2017-11-03
    发明作者:Guillaume Cardon；Benoit Davidian；Mathieu Leclerc；Jean-Pierre Tranier；Antonio Trueba
    申请人:Air Liquide SA；LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The present invention relates to a process for producing gaseous or liquid biomethane by cryogenic separation.
    As part of its valuation, biomethane - as a renewable substitute for natural gas with the same characteristics as this one - can be injected into a natural gas distribution or transmission network that connects gas producers and consumers. .
    Biomethane is obtained from biogas.
    Biogas is a gas produced by the natural or artificial fermentation of vegetable or animal organic matter (methanisation). It contains mainly methane (CH4) carbon dioxide (CO2), but also - to a lesser extent - water, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, oxygen, and other organic compounds , in the form of traces. Depending on the organic matter degraded and the techniques used, the proportions of the components differ, but on average the biogas comprises, on dry gas, 30 to 75% of methane, 15 to 60% of CO2, 0 to 15% of carbon dioxide. nitrogen, 0-5% oxygen and trace compounds. Biogas is valued in different ways. It may, after a light treatment, be upgraded near the production site to provide heat, electricity or a mixture of both (cogeneration); the high content of carbon dioxide reduces its calorific value, increases the compression and transport costs and limits the economic interest of its valuation to this use of proximity.
    Further purification of the biogas allows its wider use, in particular, a thorough purification of the biogas makes it possible to obtain a biogas purified to the specifications of the natural gas and which can be substituted for it; the biogas thus purified is "biomethane". Biomethane thus completes the natural gas resources with a renewable part produced in the heart of the territories; it is usable for exactly the same uses as natural gas of fossil origin. It can feed a natural gas network, a filling station for vehicles, it can also be liquefied to be stored in the form of liquid natural gas (LNG) ... The modes of valorization of the biomethane are determined according to the local contexts: local energy needs, possibilities of valorization as biomethane fuel. existence close to natural gas distribution or transmission networks, in particular. Creating synergies between the different actors working on a territory (farmers, industrialists, public authorities), the production of biomethane helps the territories to acquire a greater energy autonomy. The purification of biogas in biomethane consists mainly of the separation of CO2 and CH4. Several technologies can be used to purify biogas: adsorption processes, washing with water or amines, membranes, cryogenic separation.
    The present invention proposes to provide a simplified process for the production of biomethane. A solution of the present invention is a process for producing biomethane by cryogenic separation from a biogas stream 1 comprising methane and carbon dioxide using a stream of nitrogen 2.
    Depending on the case, the process according to the invention has one or more of the following characteristics: the production of biomethane comprises the following successive stages: a) introduction of the biogas 1 at a pressure of between 3 and 15 bar and the flow of nitrogen 2 in a first exchanger 3. The biogas is preferably at a pressure of between 5 and 10 bar. b) cooling of the biogas 1 by thermal exchange with the nitrogen 2 in the first exchanger 3 until solidification of the carbon dioxide, c) recovery of a stream of gaseous biomethane 4 at a temperature below -90 ° C; preferably gaseous biomethane 4 is at a temperature below -120 ° C and at a CO 2 content of less than 3%. d) heating of the biomethane stream 4 recovered in step c) in the first exchanger 3 at a temperature of temperature above 0 ° C by heat exchange with the biogas 1, and e) recovery of a biomethane stream 5 at a temperature above 0 ° C and at a CO 2 content of less than 3%. in step a) the flow of nitrogen 2 at the inlet of the exchanger is at a temperature of between -196 ° C. and -120 ° C. said process comprises a step f) of evacuation, of the exchanger 3, of the carbon dioxide solidified in step b) by means of a pressure drop at a pressure of between 1 bar and 3 bar in the part the exchanger that is to be regenerated as well as a sweep by a stream of nitrogen 2 at a pressure between 1 bar and 3 bar. C02 is sublimated. The lowering of the CO 2 partial pressure by the fact of a decrease of the total pressure and of a nitrogen sweep makes it possible, at constant temperature, to sublimate the CO 2. the exchanger 3 comprises biogas circulation channels and nitrogen flow and in step f) the circulation channels of the biogas and the nitrogen flow are reversed. the exchanger 3 operates continuously, the biomethane is sent into a natural gas network.
    Note that: - The pressure of the biogas 1 entering the first exchanger 3 is low enough that the CO 2 partial pressure is lower than the pressure of the triple point of CO 2, - the pressure difference between the channels where the CO 2 solidifies and those where CO2 sublimates allows a thermal transfer between these parts and therefore an optimized process. during step f) the purge flow can be recycled in the process.
    For a high pressure of 10 bar and a regeneration pressure of 1 bar, the energy consumption is 0.17 kWh / Nm3 and the purity of the biomethane 99.5%.
    In the case where liquid biomethane is desired, the present invention proposes a process for the production of liquid biomethane comprising: a first step of producing biomethane 4 by cryogenic separation from a biogas stream 1 comprising methane and carbon dioxide; carbon, and a second biomethane liquefaction stage 4 produced in the first stage, with the first and second stages implementing a single nitrogen circuit.
    We will speak of "process according to a second variant".
    By "single nitrogen circuit" is meant a process in which the nitrogen used in the first stage comes exclusively from the vaporized nitrogen in the second stage.
    Depending on the case, the process according to this second variant has one or more of the following characteristics: the first biomethane production step comprises the following successive stages: i) introduction of the biogas at a pressure of between 3 and 15 bar 1 and flow of nitrogen 2 in a first exchanger 3; The biogas is preferably at a pressure of between 5 and 10 bar. ii) cooling of the biogas 1 by thermal exchange with the nitrogen 2 in the first exchanger 3 until solidification of the carbon dioxide, and iii) recovery of a gaseous biomethane stream 4, and the second liquefaction stage of the biomethane comprises the following successive steps: iv) introduction of the gaseous biomethane stream 4 recovered in step iii) and the flow of liquid nitrogen 7 in a second exchanger 6; v) liquefaction of the gaseous biomethane stream 4 in the second exchanger 6 by thermal exchange with the liquid nitrogen 7, vi) recovery of a flow of liquid biomethane 8. - the nitrogen circuit comprises a series passage of the flow of nitrogen in the second exchanger 6 and then in the first exchanger 3, the temperature of the liquid nitrogen 7 in step iv) is between -196 ° C. and -190 ° C. and the temperature of the nitrogen 2 in step i) is between -196 ° C. and -196 ° C. 120 ° C; said process comprises a third step of evacuating the first exchanger 3 from the carbon dioxide solidified in step ii) by means of a pressure drop at a pressure of between 1 bar and 3 bar in the part of the exchanger that is to be regenerated as well as a sweep by a stream of nitrogen 2 from the second exchanger at a pressure between 1 bar and 3 bar. C02 is sublimated. The lowering of the CO 2 partial pressure by the fact of a decrease of the total pressure and of a nitrogen sweep makes it possible, at constant temperature, to sublimate the CO 2. the first heat exchanger 3 comprises circulation channels for the biogas and the nitrogen flow, and during the third evacuation step, the circulation channels of the biogas and the nitrogen flow are reversed. the first exchanger 3 operates continuously - the liquid biomethane 8 is sent to a storage.
    It should be noted that the pressure difference between the channels in which C02 solidifies and those in which CO 2 sublimes allows a thermal transfer between these parts and therefore an optimized process.
    In other words, the present invention is a pressure variation process. The purification step of the biogas is by solidification of CO2 at high pressure (pressure between 3 and 15 bar). The CO 2 evacuation is done by sublimation at low pressure (pressure between 1 bar and 3 bar). The nitrogen 2 is sent to an exchanger 3 so as to cool the biogas 1. The compressed biogas 1 is cooled against nitrogen and the CO2 solidifies during cooling. At the outlet of the exchanger 3 gaseous biomethane is recovered. In the case where the methane is not liquefied, it is expanded and returned to the exchanger (Figure 1). In this case, the cooling of the biogas 1 is done by sensible heat exchange with the biomethane 5 and the nitrogen 2 as well as latent heat due to the sublimation of the CO 2.
    After a certain time, it is necessary to evacuate the solid CO 2 deposited in the circulation channels of the biogas within the exchanger 3 to avoid any clogging of the channels. The circulation channels of the biogas and the flow of liquid nitrogen are then reversed. This is made possible by a set of valves.
    The sublimation of CO 2 in nitrogen is allowed during the regeneration step due to the low pressure of nitrogen (pressure between 1 and 3 bar).
    The recovery of the latent heat of sublimation (enabled by the fact that the solidification of CO2 is made of the passages of the high-pressure exchanger while the sublimation is done in low pressure passages) allows a thermal integration of the process and a lower energy consumption than state-of-the-art processes. Liquid nitrogen 7 can also be used to liquefy gaseous biomethane 4 in a second exchanger 6 (FIG. 2).
    Note that liquid nitrogen can come from a nitrogen storage tank.
    Finally, note that in the context of the present invention, the single nitrogen circuit makes it possible: to produce biomethane from biogas, to liquefy biomethane and to regenerate the biogas circulation channels by sublimation of carbon dioxide.
    The present invention can be extended: in the case where the biogas contains nitrogen. In this case, the product obtained is not biomethane but a CH4 / N2 mixture, or - any mixture comprising CH4 and an impurity other than CO2, for example water.
    权利要求:
    Claims (15)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    claims
    A process for the production of biomethane by cryogenic separation from a biogas stream (1) comprising methane and carbon dioxide using a stream of nitrogen (2).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. A process for producing liquid biomethane comprising: a first step of producing biomethane (4) by cryogenic separation from a biogas stream (1) comprising methane and carbon dioxide, and a second step of liquefaction of biomethane (4) produced in the first stage, with the first and second stages using a single nitrogen circuit.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the production of biomethane comprises the following successive steps: a) introduction of the biogas (1) at a pressure of between 3 and 15 bar and the flow of nitrogen (2) in a first exchanger (3). The biogas is preferably at a pressure of between 5 and 10 bar. b) cooling of the biogas (1) by thermal exchange with the nitrogen (2) within the first exchanger (3) until solidification of the carbon dioxide, c) recovery of a gaseous biomethane stream (4) at a temperature of temperature below -90 ° C; the gaseous biomethane (4) is preferably at a temperature below -120 ° C and at a CO 2 content of less than 3%. d) heating of the biomethane stream (4) recovered in step c) in the first exchanger 3 at a temperature above 0 ° C by heat exchange with the biogas 1, and e) recovering a stream of biomethane (5) at a temperature above 0 ° C and at a CO 2 content of less than 3%.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that in step a) the flow of nitrogen (2) at the inlet of the exchanger is at a temperature between -196 ° C and -120 ° C.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the first step of producing biomethane comprises the following successive steps: i) introduction of the biogas (1) at a pressure of between 3 and 15 bar and the flow of nitrogen (2) in a first exchanger (3); ii) cooling the biogas (1) by thermal exchange with the nitrogen (2) within the first exchanger (3) until solidification of the carbon dioxide, and iii) recovering a gaseous biomethane stream (4), and the second biomethane liquefaction step comprises the following successive steps: iv) introduction of the gaseous biomethane stream (4) recovered in step iii) and the flow of liquid nitrogen (7) in a second exchanger (6) , v) liquefying the gaseous biomethane stream (4) in the second exchanger 6 by thermal exchange with the liquid nitrogen (7), vi) recovering a stream of liquid biomethane (8).
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the nitrogen circuit comprises a series passage of the nitrogen flow in the second exchanger (6) and in the first exchanger (3).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that the temperature of the liquid nitrogen (7) in step iv) is between -196 ° C and -190 ° C and the temperature of the nitrogen (2) in step i) is between -196 ° C and -120 ° C.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Method according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that said method comprises a f) evacuation step, exchanger (3), carbon dioxide solidified in step b) by means of a pressure drop at a pressure of between 1 bar and 3 bar in the part of the exchanger which it is desired to regenerate, as well as a sweeping by a stream of nitrogen (2) at a pressure of between 1 bar and 3 bar.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the exchanger (3) comprises biogas circulation channels and liquid nitrogen flow and in step f) the circulation channels of the biogas and the flow of liquid nitrogen are reversed.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. The method of claim 9, characterized in that the exchanger (3) operates continuously.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. Method according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that said method comprises a third step of evacuation, the first exchanger (3), carbon dioxide solidified in step ii) by means of a pressure drop at a pressure between 1 bar and 3 bar in the part of the exchanger, which it is desired to regenerate, as well as a sweep by a stream of nitrogen (2) from the second exchanger at a pressure between 1 bar and 3 bar.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. The method as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that the first exchanger (3) comprises biogas circulation channels and liquid nitrogen flow, and during the third evacuation step, the biogas circulation channels and flow of liquid nitrogen are reversed.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. The method of claim 12, characterized in that the first exchanger operates continuously.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. Method according to one of claims 1, 3, 4, and 8 to 10, characterized in that the biomethane is sent into a natural gas network.
    [15" id="c-fr-0015]
    15. Method according to one of claims 2, 5 to 7 and 11 to 13, characterized in that the liquid biomethane is sent to a storage.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    FR3050655A1|2017-11-03|PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIOMETHANE USING NITROGEN STREAM
    EP3189123B1|2021-02-24|Method for purifying biogas through membranes at negative temperatures
    FR3075659B1|2019-11-15|PROCESS FOR PRODUCING NATURAL GAS CURRENT FROM BIOGAS CURRENT.
    EP3628389A1|2020-04-01|Method for producing biomethane from a flow of biogas comprising solidification of impurities
    EP3538483A1|2019-09-18|Synthesis gas production process for the implementation of a natural gas liquefaction
    FR3052241A1|2017-12-08|PROCESS FOR PURIFYING NATURAL GAS AND LIQUEFACTING CARBON DIOXIDE
    FR3050656A1|2017-11-03|PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID BIOMETHANE BY CRYOGENIC SEPARATION
    FR3058713A1|2018-05-18|STEAM IMPLEMENTATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR REHEATING NATURAL GAS VAPORS.
    WO2018087497A1|2018-05-17|Method for the liquefaction of natural gas, combined with production of synthesis gas
    FR3013106A1|2015-05-15|CRYOGENIC SEPARATION PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF A MIXTURE OF HYDROGEN AND NITROGEN CONTAINING LOW CO AND CH4 CONTENT
    WO2018087500A1|2018-05-17|Integration of a method for liquefying natural gas in a method for producing syngas
    EP3471858B1|2020-03-18|Apparatus and method for separating co2 at low temperature comprising a step of separation by permeation
    FR3075660B1|2019-11-15|PROCESS FOR DISTILLING A GASEOUS CURRENT CONTAINING OXYGEN
    EP3719426A1|2020-10-07|Biogas purification and liquefaction by combining a crystallisation system with a liquefaction heat exchanger
    WO2019158828A1|2019-08-22|Synergies of a natural gas liquefaction process in a synthesis gas production process
    EP3867584A1|2021-08-25|Installation and method for producing liquefied methane
    WO2018020091A1|2018-02-01|Method and apparatus for scrubbing at cryogenic temperature in order to produce a mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen
    WO2019158826A1|2019-08-22|Process of producing synthesis gas originating from a natural gas liquefaction process
    FR3052240A1|2017-12-08|METHOD FOR LIQUEFACTING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM NATURAL GAS CURRENT
    WO2019122662A1|2019-06-27|Method for limiting the concentration of oxygen contained in a biomethane stream
    FR3052239A1|2017-12-08|PROCESS FOR THE LIQUEFACTION OF NATURAL GAS AND CARBON DIOXIDE
    FR3063540A1|2018-09-07|METHOD FOR LIQUEFACTING NATURAL GAS USING A REFRIGERATION CIRCUIT COMPRISING ONLY ONE TURBINE
    WO2019122654A1|2019-06-27|Method for producing pure nitrogen from a natural gas stream containing nitrogen
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    FR3050655B1|2020-03-27|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US6082133A|1999-02-05|2000-07-04|Cryo Fuel Systems, Inc|Apparatus and method for purifying natural gas via cryogenic separation|
    EP2277614A1|2009-07-22|2011-01-26|LO Solutions GmbH|Method for cleaning and liquefying biogas|
    KR101027809B1|2010-02-12|2011-04-07|한솔이엠이|Manufacturing apparatus for liquified bio methane|
    CN201803571U|2010-09-15|2011-04-20|张永北|On-board biogas refrigeration liquidation separation device|
    PL403141A1|2013-03-13|2014-09-15|Paweł Filanowski|Method for purifying biogas into the gas transmission parameters, and installation for the purification of biogas|
    DE102013008535A1|2013-05-16|2014-11-20|Linde Aktiengesellschaft|Plant for reducing a carbon dioxide content of a carbon dioxide-rich and hydrocarbon-rich gas stream and corresponding method|
    CN204752650U|2015-06-08|2015-11-11|江克运|Utilize cryogenic separation's marsh gas purification and biological natural gas liquefaction device|FR3086187A1|2018-09-25|2020-03-27|L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude|PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIOMETHANE FROM A BIOGAS STREAM COMPRISING A SOLIDIFICATION OF IMPURITIES|
    EP3719426A1|2019-04-04|2020-10-07|L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude|Biogas purification and liquefaction by combining a crystallisation system with a liquefaction heat exchanger|
    WO2021152541A1|2020-01-30|2021-08-05|Bennamann Services Ltd. Uk|Methane separation system and method|
    FR3108963A1|2020-04-06|2021-10-08|Association Pour La Recherche Et Le Developpement Des Methodes Et Processus Industriels - Armines|Method of storing biogas in a tank and associated system|
    法律状态:
    2017-04-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-11-03| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20171103 |
    2018-04-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-04-18| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-04-20| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-04-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1653727|2016-04-27|
    FR1653727A|FR3050655B1|2016-04-27|2016-04-27|PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIOMETHANE USING A NITROGEN FLOW|FR1653727A| FR3050655B1|2016-04-27|2016-04-27|PROCESS FOR PRODUCING BIOMETHANE USING A NITROGEN FLOW|
    [返回顶部]